English

Boids in a Loop: Self-Propelled particles within a Flexible Boundary

Soft Condensed Matter 2020-06-24 v3 Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems

Abstract

We numerically explore the behavior of repelling and aligning self-propelled polar particles (boids) in 2D enclosed by a damped flexible and elastic loop-shaped boundary. We observe disordered, polar ordered (or jammed) and circulating states. The latter produce a rich variety of boundary shapes including; circles, ovals, irregulars, ruffles, or sprockets, depending upon the bending moment of the boundary and the boundary to particle mass ratio. With the exception of the circulating states with non-round boundaries, states resemble those exhibited by attracting self-propelled particles, but here the confining boundary acts in place of a cohesive force. We attribute the formation of ruffles to instability mediated by pressure on the boundary when the speed of waves on the boundary approximately matches the self-propelled particle's swim speed.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.00536,
  title  = {Boids in a Loop: Self-Propelled particles within a Flexible Boundary},
  author = {A. C. Quillen and J. P. Smucker and A. Peshkov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.00536},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T13:28:33.730Z