English

Biquandles with structures related to virtual links and twisted links

Geometric Topology 2015-12-29 v1

Abstract

We introduce two kinds of structures, called v-structures and t-structures, on biquandles. These structures are used for colorings of diagrams of virtual links and twisted links such that the numbers of colorings are invariants. Given a biquandle or a quandle, we give a method of constructing a biquandle with these structures. Using the numbers of colorings, we show that Bourgoin's twofoil and non-orientable virtual mm-foils do not represent virtual links.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1109.5251,
  title  = {Biquandles with structures related to virtual links and twisted links},
  author = {Naoko Kamada and Seiichi Kamada},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1109.5251},
  year   = {2015}
}