Bayesian Optimal Phase II design with optimised stopping boundaries and response-adaptive randomisation
Applications
2025-11-19 v1
Abstract
The Bayesian Optimal Phase II (BOP2) framework is a flexible trial design that can naturally facilitate complex adaptations due to its Bayesian setting. BOP2 uses equal randomisation and equally placed interim analyses in its design, but it is unclear whether these give the best operating characteristics. By incorporating Bayesian Response-Adaptive Randomisation (BRAR) and optimal interim analysis placement, we show that allocation to the best treatment and expected sample size can be improved with minimal impact on power. We discuss recommendations on implementing these adaptations, using simulation-based evidence, to give practical advice to practitioners. Reproducible code for the simulations is freely provided.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.14714,
title = {Bayesian Optimal Phase II design with optimised stopping boundaries and response-adaptive randomisation},
author = {Connor Fitchett and Ayon Mukherjee and Sofía S. Villar and David S. Robertson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.14714},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
27 pages, 11 figures