English

Bargmann invariants and local unitary equivalence

Quantum Physics 2026-07-18 v1 Operator Algebras

Abstract

In this paper, we study the local unitary equivalence of quantum states on CnCn\mathbb{C}^n\otimes\mathbb{C}^n, which is an important notion in quantum information theory. For the case n=2n=2, the local unitary orbits of two-qubit states are completely determined by their local unitary Bargmann invariants. We show that the local unitary Bargmann invariants do not form a complete set of invariants of local unitary orbits for n3n\geqslant 3, which negatively answers a problem proposed by L. Zhang and B. Xie.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.16878,
  title  = {Bargmann invariants and local unitary equivalence},
  author = {Minghui Ma and Rui Shi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.16878},
  year   = {2026}
}