English

Banach spaces containing $c_0$ and elements in the fourth dual

Functional Analysis 2021-10-28 v1

Abstract

A recent result of T.~Abrahamsen, P.~H\'ajek and S.~Troyanski states that a separable Banach space is almost square if and only if there exists hSXh\in S_{X^{****}} such that x+h=max{x,1}\|x+h\|=\max\{\|x\|,1\} for all xXx\in X. The proof passes through a sequential version of being almost square which we call being \textit{sequentially almost square}. In this article we study these conditions in the nonseparable setting. On one hand, we show that a Banach space XX contains a copy of c0c_0 if and only if there exists an equivalent renorming | \cdot | on XX for which there exists hSXh\in S_{X^{****}} such that x+h=max{x,1}|x+h|=\max\{|x|,1\} for every xXx\in X. On the other hand, although it is unclear whether the aforementioned result of T.~Abrahamsen et al. holds in the nonseparable setting, we show that, under the existence of selective ultrafilters, if XX is a sequentially almost square Banach space then there exists hSXh\in S_{X^{****}} such that x+h=max{x,1}\|x+h\|=\max\{\|x\|,1\} for all xXx\in X.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2110.14313,
  title  = {Banach spaces containing $c_0$ and elements in the fourth dual},
  author = {Antonio Avilés and Gonzalo Martínez-Cervantes and Abraham Rueda Zoca},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.14313},
  year   = {2021}
}