English

Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes

Combinatorics 2026-05-25 v1 Number Theory

Abstract

Given a point set SS in a projective plane Πq\Pi_q of order qq, each line \ell determines a secant size S|S\cap \ell|. We study how balanced the secant-size distribution can be for the line set L\mathcal{L} of the plane, in other words, how many lines must share the same secant size. We show that minSΠqmaxk{L:S=k}=Θ(q3/2).\min_{ S\subseteq \Pi_q} \max_k |\{\ell\in \mathcal{L}: |\ell\cap S|=k\}|=\Theta(q^{3/2}). This shows a large contrast with the case of real projective (or affine) plane, where maxk>1{ L:S=k}\max_{k>1} |\{\ell\in~ \mathcal{L}: |\ell\cap S|=k\}| is always at least the third of {L:S>1}|\{\ell\in \mathcal{L}: |\ell\cap S|>1\}|. We also discuss explicit constructions in addition to randomized point sets, that are asymptotically close to be optimal, and point out a link between the constructions and character-sum estimates. Finally, we explore the relation between balanced secant size distributions and legitimate colorings, studied by Alon and F\"uredi, and prove a result that might resemble the Erd\H{o}s-Faber-Lov\'asz conjecture.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.23644,
  title  = {Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes},
  author = {Zoltán Lóránt Nagy and Zsuzsa Weiner},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.23644},
  year   = {2026}
}