Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance searches for the galactic axion wind lose sensitivity at low frequencies due to the unfavourable scaling of inductive readout. Here, we propose a hybrid architecture where the hyperfine interaction transduces axion-driven nuclear precession into a high-bandwidth electron-spin readout channel. We demonstrate analytically that this dispersive upconversion preserves the specific sidereal and annual modulation signatures required to distinguish dark matter signals from instrumental backgrounds. When instantiated in a silicon 209Bi donor platform, the hybrid sensor is projected to outperform direct nuclear detection by more than an order of magnitude over the 10−16−10−6eV wide mass range. With collective enhancement, the design reaches a 5σ sensitivity to DFSZ axion-nucleon couplings within one year, establishing hyperfine-mediated sensing as a competitive path for compact, solid-state dark matter searches.
@article{arxiv.2601.06816,
title = {Axion Signal Search Using Hybrid Nuclear-Electronic Spin Systems},
author = {Xiangjun Tan and Zhanning Wang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.06816},
year = {2026}
}