English

Awareness as inference in a higher-order state space

Neurons and Cognition 2019-12-04 v3

Abstract

Humans have the ability to report the contents of their subjective experience - we can say to each other, "I am aware of X". The decision processes that support these reports about mental contents remain poorly understood. In this article I propose a computational framework that characterises awareness reports as metacognitive decisions (inference) about a generative model of perceptual content. This account is motivated from the perspective of how flexible hierarchical state spaces are built during learning and decision-making. Internal states supporting awareness reports, unlike those covarying with perceptual contents, are simple and abstract, varying along a one-dimensional continuum from absent to present. A critical feature of this architecture is that it is both higher-order and asymmetric: a vast number of perceptual states is nested under "present", but a much smaller number of possible states nested under "absent". Via simulations I show that this asymmetry provides a natural account of observations of "global ignition" in brain imaging studies of awareness reports.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1906.00728,
  title  = {Awareness as inference in a higher-order state space},
  author = {Stephen M. Fleming},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.00728},
  year   = {2019}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T09:38:41.985Z