Ptychography is a computational imaging technique widely used for high-resolution materials characterization, but high-quality reconstructions often require the use of regularization functions that largely remain manually designed. We introduce Ptychi-Evolve, an autonomous framework that uses large language models (LLMs) to discover and evolve novel regularization algorithms. The framework combines LLM-driven code generation with evolutionary mechanisms, including semantically-guided crossover and mutation. Experiments on three challenging datasets (X-ray integrated circuits, low-dose electron microscopy of apoferritin, and multislice imaging with crosstalk artifacts) demonstrate that discovered regularizers outperform conventional reconstructions, achieving up to +0.26 SSIM and +8.3~dB PSNR improvements. Besides, Ptychi-Evolve records algorithm lineage and evolution metadata, enabling interpretable and reproducible analysis of discovered regularizers.
@article{arxiv.2603.05696,
title = {Autonomous Algorithm Discovery for Ptychography via Evolutionary LLM Reasoning},
author = {Xiangyu Yin and Ming Du and Junjing Deng and Zhi Yang and Yimo Han and Yi Jiang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.05696},
year = {2026}
}