Automorphism loci for the moduli space of rational maps

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$ and $\mathcal{M}_d$ the moduli space of rational maps on $\mathbb{P}^1$ of degree $d$ over $k$. This paper describes the automorphism loci $A\subset \mathrm{Rat}_d$ and $\mathcal{A}\subset \mathcal{M}_d$ and the singular locus $\mathcal{S}\subset\mathcal{M}_d$. In particular, we determine which groups occur as subgroups of the automorphism group of some $[\phi]\in\mathcal{M}_d$ for a given $d$ and calculate the dimension of the locus. Next, we prove an analogous theorem to the Rauch-Popp-Oort characterization of singular points on the moduli scheme for curves. The results concerning these distinguished loci are used to compute the Picard and class groups of $\mathcal{M}_d, \mathcal{M}^s_d,$ and $\mathcal{M}^{ss}_d$.