English

Automatic sequences are orthogonal to aperiodic multiplicative functions

Dynamical Systems 2018-11-05 v1 Number Theory

Abstract

Given a finite alphabet A\mathbb{A} and a primitive substitution θ:AAλ\theta:\mathbb{A}\to\mathbb{A}^\lambda (of constant length λ\lambda), let (Xθ,S)(X_\theta,S) denote the corresponding dynamical system, where XθX_{\theta} is the closure of the orbit via the left shift SS of a fixed point of the natural extension of θ\theta to a self-map of AZ\mathbb{A}^{\mathbb{Z}}. The main result of the paper is that all continuous observables in XθX_{\theta} are orthogonal to any bounded, aperiodic, multiplicative function u:NC\mathbf{u}:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}, i.e. limN1NnNf(Snx)u(n)=0 \lim_{N\to\infty}\frac1N\sum_{n\leq N}f(S^nx)\mathbf{u}(n)=0 for all fC(Xθ)f\in C(X_{\theta}) and xXθx\in X_{\theta}. In particular, each primitive automatic sequence, that is, a sequence read by a primitive finite automaton, is orthogonal to any bounded, aperiodic, multiplicative function.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1811.00594,
  title  = {Automatic sequences are orthogonal to aperiodic multiplicative functions},
  author = {Mariusz Lemańczyk and Clemens Müllner},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.00594},
  year   = {2018}
}

Comments

45 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-23T05:01:17.682Z