English

Automated ultrasound doppler angle estimation using deep learning

Machine Learning 2025-08-07 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Angle estimation is an important step in the Doppler ultrasound clinical workflow to measure blood velocity. It is widely recognized that incorrect angle estimation is a leading cause of error in Doppler-based blood velocity measurements. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach for automated Doppler angle estimation. The approach was developed using 2100 human carotid ultrasound images including image augmentation. Five pre-trained models were used to extract images features, and these features were passed to a custom shallow network for Doppler angle estimation. Independently, measurements were obtained by a human observer reviewing the images for comparison. The mean absolute error (MAE) between the automated and manual angle estimates ranged from 3.9{\deg} to 9.4{\deg} for the models evaluated. Furthermore, the MAE for the best performing model was less than the acceptable clinical Doppler angle error threshold thus avoiding misclassification of normal velocity values as a stenosis. The results demonstrate potential for applying a deep-learning based technique for automated ultrasound Doppler angle estimation. Such a technique could potentially be implemented within the imaging software on commercial ultrasound scanners.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.04243,
  title  = {Automated ultrasound doppler angle estimation using deep learning},
  author = {Nilesh Patil and Ajay Anand},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.04243},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T04:36:56.332Z