Vision Language Models (VLMs) have been applied to several specific domains and have shown strong problem-solving capabilities. However, astronomical imaging, a quite complex problem involving multidisciplinary knowledge and several subtasks, has not been adequately studied. Due to the complexity of the astronomical imaging process, both world-class astronomical organizations, such as NASA, and expert enthusiasts devote a great deal of time and effort. This is because the processes in astronomical imaging have complex underlying correlations that significantly influence one another, making the quality diagnosis and error localization of astronomical images challenging. To address this problem, we propose AstroVLM, a collaborative multi-agent system for diagnosing the quality of astronomical images. Experiment results show that AstroVLM outperforms all baselines on real-world astronomical imaging quality diagnosis tasks, providing a reference for language models to handle complicated multi-process tasks.
@article{arxiv.2604.16024,
title = {AstroVLM: Expert Multi-agent Collaborative Reasoning for Astronomical Imaging Quality Diagnosis},
author = {Yaohui Han and Tianshuo Wang and Zixi Zhao and Zhengchun Zhu and Shuo Ren and Yiru Wang and Rongliang Fu and Tinghuan Chen and Tsung-Yi Ho},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.16024},
year = {2026}
}