English

Assessing Cognitive Effort in L2 Idiomatic Processing: An Eye-Tracking Dataset

Computation and Language 2026-05-07 v1 Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Abstract

This paper presents the development and validation of an eye-tracking dataset designed to investigate how second-language (L2) learners process idiomatic expressions. While native speakers often rely on direct retrieval of figurative meanings, L2 speakers frequently adopt a literal-first approach, which incurs measurable cognitive costs. This resource captures these costs through ocular metrics recorded from Portuguese L1 speakers of English across all CEFR proficiency levels (A1-C2). Although the study uses entry-level 60 Hz hardware (Tobii Pro Spark), we demonstrate that this sampling rate provides sufficient data density to detect macro-cognitive events such as fixations and regressions in reading. Preliminary analysis validates the dataset by revealing a strong inverse correlation between language proficiency and regressive eye movements. Integrated into the MIA (Modeling Idiomaticity in Human and Artificial Language Processing) initiative, this dataset serves as a cognitively grounded benchmark for evaluating both human processing models and the alignment of large language models with human-like figurative understanding.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.04857,
  title  = {Assessing Cognitive Effort in L2 Idiomatic Processing: An Eye-Tracking Dataset},
  author = {Eduardo Santos and Juliana Carvalho and César Rennó-Costa},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.04857},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T12:52:43.170Z