English

Are Switchback boundaries observed by Parker Solar Probe closed?

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2023-11-09 v1 Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Plasma Physics Space Physics

Abstract

Switchbacks are sudden and large deflections in the magnetic field that Parker Solar Probe frequently observes in the inner heliosphere. Their ubiquitous occurrence has prompted numerous studies to determine their nature and origin. Our goal is to describe the boundary of these switchbacks using a series of events detected during the spacecraft's first encounter with the Sun. Using FIELDS and SWEAP data, we investigate different methods for determining the boundary normal. The observed boundaries are arc-polarized structures with a rotation that is always contained in a plane. Classical minimum variance analysis (MVA) gives misleading results and overestimates the number of rotational discontinuities. We propose a robust geometric method to identify the nature of these discontinuities, which involves determining whether or not the plane that contains them also includes the origin (B=0\textbf{B}=0). Most boundaries appear to have the same characteristics as tangential discontinuities in the context of switchbacks, with little evidence for having rotational discontinuities. We find no effect of the size of the Parker spiral deviation. Furthermore, the thickness of the boundary is within MHD scales. We conclude that most of the switchback boundaries observed by Parker Solar Probe are likely to be closed, in contrast to previous studies. Our results suggest that their erosion may be much slower than expected.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2310.12134,
  title  = {Are Switchback boundaries observed by Parker Solar Probe closed?},
  author = {Nina Bizien and Thierry Dudok de Wit and Clara Froment and Marco Velli and Anthony W. Case and Stuart D. Bale and Justin Kasper and Phyllis Whittlesey and Robert MacDowall and Davin Larson},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.12134},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

11 pages, 6 figures, Animations available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424748

R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:54:39.463Z