English

Approximation properties of $\beta$-expansions II

Number Theory 2015-06-26 v1 Dynamical Systems

Abstract

Given β(1,2)\beta\in(1,2) and x[0,1β1]x\in[0,\frac{1}{\beta-1}], a sequence (ϵi)i=1{0,1}N(\epsilon_{i})_{i=1}^{\infty}\in\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}} is called a β\beta-expansion for xx if x=i=1ϵiβi.x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{\epsilon_{i}}{\beta^{i}}. In a recent article the author studied the quality of approximation provided by the finite sums i=1nϵiβi\sum_{i=1}^{n}\epsilon_{i}\beta^{-i} \cite{Bak}. In particular, given β(1,2)\beta\in(1,2) and Ψ:NR0,\Psi:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}, we associate the set Wβ(Ψ):=m=1n=m(ϵi)i=1n{0,1}n[i=1nϵiβi,i=1nϵiβi+Ψ(n)].W_{\beta}(\Psi):=\bigcap_{m=1}^{\infty}\bigcup_{n=m}^{\infty}\bigcup_{(\epsilon_{i})_{i=1}^{n}\in\{0,1\}^{n}}\Big[\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\epsilon_{i}}{\beta^{i}},\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\epsilon_{i}}{\beta^{i}}+\Psi(n)\Big]. Alternatively, Wβ(Ψ)W_{\beta}(\Psi) is the set of xRx\in \mathbb{R} such that for infinitely many nN,n\in\mathbb{N}, there exists a sequence (ϵi)i=1n(\epsilon_{i})_{i=1}^{n} satisfying the inequalities 0xi=1nϵiβiΨ(n).0\leq x-\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\epsilon_{i}}{\beta^{i}}\leq \Psi(n). If n=12nΨ(n)<\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2^{n}\Psi(n)<\infty then Wβ(Ψ)W_{\beta}(\Psi) has zero Lebesgue measure. We call a β(1,2)\beta\in(1,2) approximation regular, if n=12nΨ(n)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2^{n}\Psi(n)=\infty implies Wβ(Ψ)W_{\beta}(\Psi) is of full Lebesgue measure within [0,1β1][0,\frac{1}{\beta-1}]. The author conjectured in \cite{Bak} that almost every β(1,2)\beta\in(1,2) is approximation regular. In this paper we make a significant step towards proving this conjecture. The main result of this paper is the following statement: given a sequence of positive real numbers (ωn)n=1,(\omega_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty}, which satisfy limnωn=\lim_{n\to\infty} \omega_{n}=\infty, then for Lebesgue almost every β(1.497,2)\beta\in(1.497\ldots,2) the set Wβ(ωn2n)W_{\beta}(\omega_{n}\cdot 2^{-n}) is of full Lebesgue measure within [0,1β1][0,\frac{1}{\beta-1}]. Here the sequence (ωn)n=1(\omega_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty} should be interpreted as a sequence tending to infinity at a very slow rate.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1506.07782,
  title  = {Approximation properties of $\beta$-expansions II},
  author = {Simon Baker},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.07782},
  year   = {2015}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T10:00:15.684Z