Distributed energy trading and carbon asset management involve high-frequency, small-value settlements with strong audit requirements. Fully on-chain designs incur excessive cost, while purely off-chain approaches lack verifiable consistency. This paper presents a hybrid on-chain and off-chain settlement framework that anchors settlement commitments and key constraints on-chain and links off-chain records through deterministic digests and replayable auditing. Experiments under publicly constrained workloads show that the framework significantly reduces on-chain execution and storage cost while preserving audit trustworthiness.
@article{arxiv.2601.04512,
title = {Application of Hybrid Chain Storage Framework in Energy Trading and Carbon Asset Management},
author = {Yinghan Hou and Zongyou Yang and Xiaokun Yang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.04512},
year = {2026}
}