Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Abstract
We sequenced genomes from a 7,000 year old early farmer from Stuttgart in Germany, an 8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from Luxembourg, and seven 8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from southern Sweden. We analyzed these data together with other ancient genomes and 2,345 contemporary humans to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who were most closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians and contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that EEF had 44% ancestry from a "Basal Eurasian" lineage that split prior to the diversification of all other non-African lineages.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1312.6639,
title = {Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans},
author = {Iosif Lazaridis and Nick Patterson and Alissa Mittnik and Gabriel Renaud and Swapan Mallick and Karola Kirsanow and Peter H. Sudmant and Joshua G. Schraiber and Sergi Castellano and Mark Lipson and Bonnie Berger and Christos Economou and Ruth Bollongino and Qiaomei Fu and Kirsten I. Bos and Susanne Nordenfelt and Heng Li and Cesare de Filippo and Kay Prüfer and Susanna Sawyer and Cosimo Posth and Wolfgang Haak and Fredrik Hallgren and Elin Fornander and Nadin Rohland and Dominique Delsate and Michael Francken and Jean-Michel Guinet and Joachim Wahl and George Ayodo and Hamza A. Babiker and Graciela Bailliet and Elena Balanovska and Oleg Balanovsky and Ramiro Barrantes and Gabriel Bedoya and Haim Ben-Ami and Judit Bene and Fouad Berrada and Claudio M. Bravi and Francesca Brisighelli and George Busby and Francesco Cali and Mikhail Churnosov and David E. C. Cole and Daniel Corach and Larissa Damba and George van Driem and Stanislav Dryomov and Jean-Michel Dugoujon and Sardana A. Fedorova and Irene Gallego Romero and Marina Gubina and Michael Hammer and Brenna Henn and Tor Hervig and Ugur Hodoglugil and Aashish R. Jha and Sena Karachanak-Yankova and Rita Khusainova and Elza Khusnutdinova and Rick Kittles and Toomas Kivisild and William Klitz and Vaidutis Kučinskas and Alena Kushniarevich and Leila Laredj and Sergey Litvinov and Theologos Loukidis and Robert W. Mahley and Béla Melegh and Ene Metspalu and Julio Molina and Joanna Mountain and Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi and Desislava Nesheva and Thomas Nyambo and Ludmila Osipova and Jüri Parik and Fedor Platonov and Olga Posukh and Valentino Romano and Francisco Rothhammer and Igor Rudan and Ruslan Ruizbakiev and Hovhannes Sahakyan and Antti Sajantila and Antonio Salas and Elena B. Starikovskaya and Ayele Tarekegn and Draga Toncheva and Shahlo Turdikulova and Ingrida Uktveryte and Olga Utevska and René Vasquez and Mercedes Villena and Mikhail Voevoda and Cheryl Winkler and Levon Yepiskoposyan and Pierre Zalloua and Tatijana Zemunik and Alan Cooper and Cristian Capelli and Mark G. Thomas and Andres Ruiz-Linares and Sarah A. Tishkoff and Lalji Singh and Kumarasamy Thangaraj and Richard Villems and David Comas and Rem Sukernik and Mait Metspalu and Matthias Meyer and Evan E. Eichler and Joachim Burger and Montgomery Slatkin and Svante Pääbo and Janet Kelso and David Reich and Johannes Krause},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6639},
year = {2015}
}