English

Analytical $poly\Lambda$CDM dynamics

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-03-25 v1

Abstract

We develop a novel analytical dynamical analysis to derive precise energy density ratio evolutions for the ϕ\phiCDM and polyΛpoly\LambdaCDM models, comparing them to the standard Λ\LambdaCDM model and validating against numerical solutions. Analytical solutions for the quintessence, i.e. ϕ\phiCDM, show sub percent agreement with Λ\LambdaCDM with greater reliability than numerical integration of stiff systems. The polyΛpoly\LambdaCDM model, a phenomenological modified gravity framework, captures radiation, matter, dark energy, and exotic epochs, offering a streamlined yet comprehensive alternative to existing studies. Its dynamics reveal a global transition from a dark energy-dark matter exchange reflector, through saddle points of matter, radiation, curvature, and modified gravity, to an SVT modified gravity attractor-saddle, and finally to a cosmological constant attractor in the far future, with saddle transitions between modified gravity components. The polyΛpoly\LambdaCDM model integrates modified gravity models, using dynamical analysis to distinguish observationally viable critical points and differentiate gravity epochs. All three models align with observed cosmic evolution, but polyΛpoly\LambdaCDM richer phenomenology provides deeper insights into modified gravity dynamics. Code available at GitHub.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.22361,
  title  = {Analytical $poly\Lambda$CDM dynamics},
  author = {Pierros Ntelis and Jackson Levi Said},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.22361},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

46 pages, 10 figures, preprint version of the one accepted in PDU