Analytic Qubit Separation between POVMs and Projective Measurements
Abstract
Generalized measurements can be implemented projectively after enlarging the Hilbert space, but this dilation changes the available local dimension. We construct a Bell functional with rational coefficients that separates the two measurement models at local dimension two. An explicit three-outcome qubit positive-operator-valued measure with rational matrix entries attains . On the other hand, all qubit-projective strategies are bounded by , giving a fully analytic certified gap greater than . To our knowledge, this is the first fully analytic Bell-functional separation between qubit POVMs and qubit projective measurements over arbitrary shared two-qubit states. Lean certificate for the separation theorem is provided for completeness. Separately, an exact level-3 noncommutative sum-of-squares certificate proves that the explicit qubit strategy attains the unrestricted finite-dimensional tensor-product quantum optimum.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2608.01317,
title = {Analytic Qubit Separation between POVMs and Projective Measurements},
author = {Lin Zhu and Ranyiliu Chen and Xin Wang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.01317},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
9 pages. Comments are welcome