English

Analysis of the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing 2018-02-21 v1

Abstract

The XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol is a previously developed consensus protocol powering the XRP Ledger. It is a low-latency Byzantine agreement protocol, capable of reaching consensus without full agreement on which nodes are members of the network. We present a detailed explanation of the algorithm and derive conditions for its safety and liveness.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1802.07242,
  title  = {Analysis of the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol},
  author = {Brad Chase and Ethan MacBrough},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.07242},
  year   = {2018}
}

Comments

25 pages, 6 figures, 3 algorithms

R2 v1 2026-06-23T00:27:59.599Z