Analysis of Nuclear Fragmentation Functions for Pions with $A$ and $ν$ Dependence

We present a QCD analysis of pion nuclear fragmentation functions (nFFs), which encode nuclear modifications to hadronization in high-energy nuclear collisions. Within this framework, vacuum fragmentation functions and their nuclear modifications are extracted simultaneously. The nuclear effects are parameterized as functions of the mass number $A$, the energy of the fragmenting parton in the target rest frame $\nu$, and the hadron energy fraction $z$, allowing their dependence on these variables to be quantified. Our analysis includes semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering data on nuclear targets, with kinematic cuts chosen to ensure the applicability of perturbative QCD and collinear factorization. The resulting fit provides a good description of most datasets, with the nFFs well constrained in the energy fraction range $z \in [0.2, 0.7]$. Additionally, with our new nFFs, we present next-to-leading order predictions in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions, which show reasonable agreement with ALICE data within the current experimental uncertainties.