An Ultrahigh-energy $\gamma$-ray Bubble Powered by a Super PeVatron
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
2026-01-07 v4
Abstract
We report the detection of a -ray bubble spanning at least 100 in ultra high energy (UHE) up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X, implying the presence Super PeVatron(s) accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV. A log-parabola form with the photon index is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well. UHE sources, `hot spots' correlated with very massive molecular clouds, and a quasi-spherical amorphous -ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble. In the core of , spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association (Cygnus OB2) and a microquasar (Cygnus X-3), as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources, an enhanced concentration of UHE -rays are observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV. The general feature of the bubble, the morphology and the energy spectrum, are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core, continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2310.10100,
title = {An Ultrahigh-energy $\gamma$-ray Bubble Powered by a Super PeVatron},
author = {The LHAASO Collaboration and Z. Cao and F. Aharonian and Q. An and Axikegu and Y. X. Bai and Y. W. Bao and D. Bastieri and X. J. Bi and Y. J. Bi and J. T. Cai and Q. Cao and W. Y. Cao and Zhe Cao and J. Chang and J. F. Chang and A. M. Chen and E. S. Chen and Liang Chen and Lin Chen and Long Chen and M. J. Chen and M. L. Chen and Q. H. Chen and S. H. Chen and S. Z. Chen and T. L. Chen and Y. Chen and N. Cheng and Y. D. Cheng and M. Y. Cui and S. W. Cui and X. H. Cui and Y. D. Cui and B. Z. Dai and H. L. Dai and Z. G. Dai and Danzengluobu and D. della Volpe and X. Q. Dong and K. K. Duan and J. H. Fan and Y. Z. Fan and J. Fang and K. Fang and C. F. Feng and L. Feng and S. H. Feng and X. T. Feng and Y. L. Feng and S. Gabici and B. Gao and C. D. Gao and L. Q. Gao and Q. Gao and W. Gao and W. K. Gao and M. M. Ge and L. S. Geng and G. Giacinti and G. H. Gong and Q. B. Gou and M. H. Gu and F. L. Guo and X. L. Guo and Y. Q. Guo and Y. Y. Guo and Y. A. Han and H. H. He and H. N. He and J. Y. He and X. B. He and Y. He and M. Heller and Y. K. Hor and B. W. Hou and C. Hou and X. Hou and H. B. Hu and Q. Hu and S. C. Hu and D. H. Huang and T. Q. Huang and W. J. Huang and X. T. Huang and X. Y. Huang and Y. Huang and Z. C. Huang and X. L. Ji and H. Y. Jia and K. Jia and K. Jiang and . W. Jiang and Z. J. Jiang and M. Jin and M. M. Kang and T. Ke and D. Kuleshov and K. Kurinov and B. B. Li and Cng Li and Cong Li and D. Li and F. Li and H. B. Li and H. C. Li and H. Y. Li and J. Li and Jian Li and Jie Li and K. Li and W. L. Li and W. L. Li and X. R. Li and Xin Li and Y. Z. Li and Zhe Li and Zhuo Li and E. W. Liang and Y. F. Liang and S. J. Lin and B. Liu and C. Liu and D. Liu and H. Liu and H. D. Liu and J. Liu and J. L. Liu and J. Y. Liu and M. Y. Liu and R. Y. Liu and S. M. Liu and W. Liu and Y. Liu and Y. N. Liu and R. Lu and Q. Luo and H. K. Lv and B. Q. Ma and L. L. Ma and X. H. Ma and J. R. Mao and Z. Min and W. Mitthumsiri and H. J. Mu and Y. C. Nan and A. Neronov and Z. W. Ou and B. Y. Pang and P. Pattarakijwanich and Z. Y. Pei and M. Y. Qi and Y. Q. Qi and B. Q. Qiao and J. J. Qin and D. Ruffolo and A. Saiz and D. Semikoz and C. Y. Shao and L. Shao and O. Shchegolev and X. D. Sheng and F. W. Shu and H. C. Song and Yu. V. Stenkin and V. Stepanov and Y. Su and Q. N. Sun and X. N. Sun and Z. B. Sun and P. H. T. Tam and Q. W. Tang and Z. B. Tang and W. W. Tian and C. Wang and C. B. Wang and G. W. Wang and H. G. Wang and H. H. Wang and J. C. Wang and K. Wang and L. P. Wang and L. Y. Wang and P. H. Wang and R. Wang and W. Wang and X. G. Wang and X. Y. Wang and Y. Wang and Y. D. Wang and Y. J. Wang and Z. H. Wang and Z. X. Wang and Zhen Wang and Zheng Wang and D. M. Wei and J. J. Wei and Y. J. Wei and T. Wen and C. Y. Wu and H. R. Wu and S. Wu and X. F. Wu and Y. S. Wu and S. Q. Xi and J. Xia and J. J. Xia and G. M. Xiang and D. X. Xiao and G. Xiao and G. G. Xin and Y. L. Xin and Y. Xing and Z. Xiong and D. L. Xu and R. F. Xu and R. X. Xu and W. L. Xu and L. Xue and D. H. Yan and J. Z. Yan and T. Yan and C. W. Yang and F. Yang and F. F. Yang and H. W. Yang and J. Y. Yang and L. L. Yang and M. J. Yang and R. Z. Yang and S. B. Yang and Y. H. Yao and Z. G. Yao and Y. M. Ye and L. Q. Yin and N. Yin and X. H. You and Z. Y. You and Y. H. Yu and Q. Yuan and H. Yue and H. D. Zeng and T. X. Zeng and W. Zeng and M. Zha and B. B. Zhang and F. Zhang and H. M. Zhang and H. Y. Zhang and J. L. Zhang and L. X. Zhang and Li Zhang and P. F. Zhang and P. P. Zhang and R. Zhang and S. B. Zhang and S. R. Zhang and S. S. Zhang and X. Zhang and X. P. Zhang and Y. F. Zhang and Yi Zhang and Yong Zhang and B. Zhao and J. Zhao and L. Zhao and L. Z. Zhao and S. P. Zhao and F. Zheng and B. Zhou and H. Zhou and J. N. Zhou and M. Zhou and P. Zhou and R. Zhou and X. X. Zhou and C. G. Zhu and F. R. Zhu and H. Zhu and K. J. Zhu and X. Zuo},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.10100},
year = {2026}
}