All triangulations have a common stellar subdivision

We address two longstanding open problems, one originating in PL topology, another in birational geometry. First, we prove the weighted version of Oda's \emph{strong factorization conjecture} (1978), and prove that every two birational toric varieties are related by a common iterated blowup (at rationally smooth points). Second, we prove that every two PL homeomorphic polyhedra have a common stellar subdivisions, as conjectured by Alexander in~1930.