Scaling data quantity is essential for large language models (LLMs), yet recent findings show that data quality can significantly boost performance and training efficiency. We introduce a German-language dataset curation pipeline that combines heuristic and model-based filtering techniques with synthetic data generation. We use our pipeline to create Aleph-Alpha-GermanWeb, a 628B-word German pre-training dataset composed of three subsets drawing from: (1) Common Crawl web data (organic subset; 78B words), (2) FineWeb2 (organic subset; 235B), and (3) synthetically-generated data conditioned on actual, organic web data (synthetic subset; 329B). We evaluate our dataset by pre-training both a 1B Llama-style model and an 8B tokeniser-free hierarchical autoregressive transformer (HAT) from scratch. A comparison on German-language benchmarks, including MMMLU, shows significant performance gains of Aleph-Alpha-GermanWeb over FineWeb2 alone. This advantage holds at the 8B scale even when FineWeb2 is enriched by human-curated high-quality data sources such as Wikipedia. Our findings support the growing body of evidence that model-based data curation and synthetic data generation can significantly enhance LLM pre-training datasets.
@article{arxiv.2505.00022,
title = {Aleph-Alpha-GermanWeb: Improving German-language LLM pre-training with model-based data curation and synthetic data generation},
author = {Thomas F Burns and Letitia Parcalabescu and Stephan Wäldchen and Michael Barlow and Gregor Ziegltrum and Volker Stampa and Bastian Harren and Björn Deiseroth},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.00022},
year = {2026}
}