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Adjoint DSMC Method for Spatially Inhomogeneous Boltzmann Equation with General Boundary Conditions

Numerical Analysis 2026-03-24 v1 Numerical Analysis Optimization and Control

Abstract

This manuscript derives adjoint equations for the numerical solution of the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). The formulation accounts for spatial transport and a range of boundary conditions, including periodic boundaries, specular reflection, thermal reflection, and prescribed inflow. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the resulting adjoint system. These adjoint formulations are intended for use in gradient-based optimization, sensitivity analysis, and design problems involving rarefied gas dynamics.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.20946,
  title  = {Adjoint DSMC Method for Spatially Inhomogeneous Boltzmann Equation with General Boundary Conditions},
  author = {Russel Caflisch and Yunan Yang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.20946},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

33 pages, 3 figures