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Adaptive Regime-Switching Forecasts with Distribution-Free Uncertainty: Deep Switching State-Space Models Meet Conformal Prediction

Machine Learning 2026-02-09 v2 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Regime transitions routinely break stationarity in time series, making calibrated uncertainty as important as point accuracy. We study distribution-free uncertainty for regime-switching forecasting by coupling Deep Switching State Space Models with Adaptive Conformal Inference (ACI) and its aggregated variant (AgACI). We also introduce a unified conformal wrapper that sits atop strong sequence baselines including S4, MC-Dropout GRU, sparse Gaussian processes, and a change-point local model to produce online predictive bands with finite-sample marginal guarantees under nonstationarity and model misspecification. Across synthetic and real datasets, conformalized forecasters achieve near-nominal coverage with competitive accuracy and generally improved band efficiency.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.03298,
  title  = {Adaptive Regime-Switching Forecasts with Distribution-Free Uncertainty: Deep Switching State-Space Models Meet Conformal Prediction},
  author = {Echo Diyun LU and Charles Findling and Marianne Clausel and Alessandro Leite and Wei Gong and Pierric Kersaudy},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.03298},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

v2: Added acknowledgements