English

ACE-Brain-0: Spatial Intelligence as a Shared Scaffold for Universal Embodiments

Robotics 2026-03-04 v1 Computation and Language Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Abstract

Universal embodied intelligence demands robust generalization across heterogeneous embodiments, such as autonomous driving, robotics, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, existing embodied brain in training a unified model over diverse embodiments frequently triggers long-tail data, gradient interference, and catastrophic forgetting, making it notoriously difficult to balance universal generalization with domain-specific proficiency. In this report, we introduce ACE-Brain-0, a generalist foundation brain that unifies spatial reasoning, autonomous driving, and embodied manipulation within a single multimodal large language model~(MLLM). Our key insight is that spatial intelligence serves as a universal scaffold across diverse physical embodiments: although vehicles, robots, and UAVs differ drastically in morphology, they share a common need for modeling 3D mental space, making spatial cognition a natural, domain-agnostic foundation for cross-embodiment transfer. Building on this insight, we propose the Scaffold-Specialize-Reconcile~(SSR) paradigm, which first establishes a shared spatial foundation, then cultivates domain-specialized experts, and finally harmonizes them through data-free model merging. Furthermore, we adopt Group Relative Policy Optimization~(GRPO) to strengthen the model's comprehensive capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ACE-Brain-0 achieves competitive and even state-of-the-art performance across 24 spatial and embodiment-related benchmarks.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.03198,
  title  = {ACE-Brain-0: Spatial Intelligence as a Shared Scaffold for Universal Embodiments},
  author = {Ziyang Gong and Zehang Luo and Anke Tang and Zhe Liu and Shi Fu and Zhi Hou and Ganlin Yang and Weiyun Wang and Xiaofeng Wang and Jianbo Liu and Gen Luo and Haolan Kang and Shuang Luo and Yue Zhou and Yong Luo and Li Shen and Xiaosong Jia and Yao Mu and Xue Yang and Chunxiao Liu and Junchi Yan and Hengshuang Zhao and Dacheng Tao and Xiaogang Wang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.03198},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Code: https://github.com/ACE-BRAIN-Team/ACE-Brain-0 Hugging Face: https://huggingface.co/ACE-Brain/ACE-Brain-0-8B

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:01:31.560Z