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A Tale of Two Systems: Characterizing Architectural Complexity on Machine Learning-Enabled Systems

Software Engineering 2025-06-16 v1 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

Abstract

How can the complexity of ML-enabled systems be managed effectively? The goal of this research is to investigate how complexity affects ML-Enabled Systems (MLES). To address this question, this research aims to introduce a metrics-based architectural model to characterize the complexity of MLES. The goal is to support architectural decisions, providing a guideline for the inception and growth of these systems. This paper brings, side-by-side, the architecture representation of two systems that can be used as case studies for creating the metrics-based architectural model: the SPIRA and the Ocean Guard MLES.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.11295,
  title  = {A Tale of Two Systems: Characterizing Architectural Complexity on Machine Learning-Enabled Systems},
  author = {Renato Cordeiro Ferreira},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11295},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

8 pages, 3 figures (3 diagrams), submitted to the ECSA2025. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2506.08153

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:14:46.683Z