English

A Supermassive Binary Black Hole Candidate in Mrk 501

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2024-07-16 v2 Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

Using multifrequency observations, from radio to gamma-rays of the blazar Mrk~501, we constructed their corresponding light curves and built periodograms using RobPer and Lomb-Scargle algorithms. Long-term variability was also studied using the power density spectrum and the detrended function analysis. Using the software VARTOOLS, we also computed the analysis of variance, box-least squares and discrete fourier transform. The result of these techniques showed an achromatic periodicity <~ 229 d. This, combined with the result of pink-color noise in the spectra, led us to propose that the periodicity was produced via a secondary eclipsing supermassive binary black hole orbiting the primary one locked inside the central engine of Mrk~501. We built a relativistic eclipsing model of this phenomenon using Jacobi elliptical functions, finding a periodic relativistic eclipse occurring every ~ 224 d in all the studied wavebands. This implies that the frequency of the emitted gravitational waves falls slightly above 0.1 mHz, well within the operational range of the upcoming LISA space-based interferometer, and as such, these gravitational waves must be considered as a prime science target for future LISA observations.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2210.15884,
  title  = {A Supermassive Binary Black Hole Candidate in Mrk 501},
  author = {Gustavo Magallanes-Guijón and Sergio Mendoza},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.15884},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

20 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in the Journal Galaxies

R2 v1 2026-06-28T04:41:41.880Z