English

A study on Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs. Part 10: Type-2 isomorphic $C_{np^3}(R)$ w.r.t. $m$ = $p$ and related groups

Combinatorics 2026-05-15 v2

Abstract

This study is the 10th10^{th} part of a detailed study on Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs having ten parts \cite{v2-1}-\cite{v2-10}. In this part, we obtain families of Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs Cnp3(R)C_{np^3}(R) w.r.t. mm = pp, and related Abelian groups where pp is a prime number and nNn\in\mathbb{N}. In its main theorem, it is proved that for ii = 1 to pp, circulant graphs Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp)C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i) are isomorphic of Type-2 w.r.t. mm = pp and they form Abelian group (T2np3,p(Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp)),)(T2_{np^3,p}(C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i)), \circ) where T2np3,p(Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp))T2_{np^3,p}(C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i)) = {θnp3,p,jn(Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp))\{\theta_{np^3,p,jn}(C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i)) = Cnp3(Ri+jnp3,x+yp):C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_{i+j}) : jj = 0,1,...,p10,1,...,p-1 and i+ji+j in Cnp3(Ri+jnp3,x+yp)C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_{i+j}) is calculated under addition modulo p}p \}, 1xp11 \leq x \leq p-1, 0ynp10 \leq y \leq np - 1, 1x+ypnp211 \leq x+yp \leq np^2-1, yN0y\in\mathbb{N}_0, p,np3pRinp3,x+ypp,np^3-p\in R^{np^3,x+yp}_i and i,n,xNi,n,x\in\mathbb{N}. And using it, a list of T2np3,p(Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp))T2_{np^3,p}(C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i)), each containing pp isomorphic circulant graphs Cnp3(Rinp3,x+yp)C_{np^3}(R^{np^3,x+yp}_i) of Type-2 w.r.t. mm = pp, for pp = 3,5,7, nn = 1,2 and yy = 0 is given in the Annexure and more such families of Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs are presented in \cite{v24}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2211.06970,
  title  = {A study on Type-2 isomorphic circulant graphs. Part 10: Type-2 isomorphic $C_{np^3}(R)$ w.r.t. $m$ = $p$ and related groups},
  author = {Vilfred Kamalappan and Wilson Peraprakash},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.06970},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

20 pages. This is a modified/corrected version of its previous submission