English

A Structural Fixed-Point Principle in Kunen's Theorem on Quasigroups

Group Theory 2026-02-24 v1 Category Theory

Abstract

Kunen proved that a quasigroup satisfying a Moufang-type identity (N1N1) must be a loop. We reformulate the argument in the category Set\mathbf{Set} as a fixed-point extraction principle. From N1N1 one canonically obtains an idempotent endomorphism j:GGj:G\to G. Its fixed-point object Fix(j)=Eq(j,idG)\mathrm{Fix}(j)=\mathrm{Eq}(j,\mathrm{id}_G) splits off as a retract. The N1N1-symmetry forces jj to coequalize the (regular) translation action, hence jj factors through the terminal object. Thus Fix(j)1\mathrm{Fix}(j)\cong 1, yielding a unique global identity element. This provides a conceptual reformulation of Kunen's original algebraic proof \cite{Kunen}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.18587,
  title  = {A Structural Fixed-Point Principle in Kunen's Theorem on Quasigroups},
  author = {Takao Inoué},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.18587},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

11 pages. This paper provides a category-theoretic reformulation of Kunen's theorem on Moufang quasigroups, introducing a structural fixed-point principle via symmetry collapse

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:45:15.820Z