English

A strong structural stability of $C_{2k+1}$-free graphs

Combinatorics 2024-10-23 v2

Abstract

F\"uredi and Gunderson showed that ex(n,C2k+1)ex(n, C_{2k+1}) is achieved only on Kn2,n2K_{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor, \lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil} if n4k2n\ge 4k-2. It is natural to study how far a C2k+1 C_{2k+1}-free graph is from being bipartite.Let T(r,n)T^*(r, n) be obtained by adding a suspension KrK_{r} with 11 suspension point to Knr+12,nr+12K_{\lfloor\frac{n-r+1}{2}\rfloor, \lceil\frac{n-r+1}{2}\rceil}. We show that for integers r,kr, k with 3r2k43\le r\le 2k-4 and n20(r+2)2kn\ge 20(r+2)^2k, if GG is a C2k+1C_{2k+1}-free nn-vertex graph with e(G)e(T(r,n))e(G)\ge e(T^*(r, n)), then GG is obtained by adding suspensions to a bipartite graph one by one and the total number of vertices in all suspensions minus intersection points is no more than r1r-1. In other words, G=Bi=1pGiG=B\bigcup\limits_{i=1}^p G_i, where BB is a bipartite graph, G1G_1 is a suspension to BB, GjG_j is a suspension to Bi=1j1GiB\bigcup\limits_{i=1}^{j-1} G_i for 2jp2\le j\le p and i=1pV(Gi)V(Gi)V(Bi=1j1Gi)r1\sum\limits_{i=1}^p \vert V(G_i)-V(G_i)\cap V(B\bigcup\limits_{i=1}^{j-1} G_i) \vert\le r-1. Furthermore, i=1pV(Gi)V(Gi)V(Bi=1j1Gi)=r1\sum\limits_{i=1}^p \vert V(G_i)-V(G_i)\cap V(B\bigcup\limits_{i=1}^{j-1} G_i) \vert= r-1 if and only if G=T(r,n)G=T^*(r, n). Let d2(G)=min{T:TV(G),GT is bipartite}d_2(G)=\min\{|T|: T\subseteq V(G), G-T \ \text{is bipartite}\} and γ2(G)=min{E:EE(G),GE is bipartite}\gamma_2(G)=\min\{|E|: E\subseteq E(G), G-E \ \text{is bipartite}\}. Our structural stability result implies that d2(G)r1d_2(G)\le r-1 and γ2(G)(r22)+(r22)\gamma_2(G)\le {\lceil\frac{r}{2}\rceil \choose 2}+{\lfloor\frac{r}{2}\rfloor \choose 2} under the same condition, which is a recent result of Ren-Wang-Wang-Yang [SIAM J. Discrete Math. 38 (2024)]. They proved d2(G)r1d_2(G)\le r-1 and γ2(G)(r22)+(r22)\gamma_2(G)\le {\lceil\frac{r}{2}\rceil \choose 2}+{\lfloor\frac{r}{2}\rfloor \choose 2} separately. We introduce a new concept strong-2k2k-core which is the key that we can give a stronger structural stability result but a simpler proof.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2408.15487,
  title  = {A strong structural stability of $C_{2k+1}$-free graphs},
  author = {Zilong Yan and Yuejian Peng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.15487},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T18:26:06.283Z