A standard form for scattered linearized polynomials and properties of the related translation planes

In this paper we present results concerning the stabilizer $G_f$ in $\mathrm{GL}(2,q^n)$ of the subspace $U_f=\{(x,f(x))\colon x\in\mathbb F_{q^n}[x]\}$, $f(x)$ a scattered linearized polynomial in $\mathbb F_{q^n}[x]$. Each $G_f$ contains the $q-1$ maps $(x,y)\mapsto(ax,ay)$, $a\in\mathbb F_{q}^*$. By virtue of the results of Beard (1972) and Willett (1973), the matrices in $G_f$ are simultaneously diagonalizable. This has several consequences: $(i)$ the polynomials such that $|G_f|>q-1$ have a standard form of type $\sum_{j=0}^{n/t-1}a_jx^{q^{s+jt}}$ for some $s$ and $t$ such that $(s,t)=1$, $t>1$ a divisor of $n$; $(ii)$ this standard form is essentially unique; $(iii)$ for $n>2$ and $q>3$, the translation plane $\cal A_f$ associated with $f(x)$ admits nontrivial affine homologies if and only if $|G_f|>q-1$, and in that case those with axis through the origin form two groups of cardinality $(q^t-1)/(q-1)$ that exchange axes and coaxes; $(iv)$ no plane of type $\cal A_f$, $f(x)$ a scattered polynomial not of pseudoregulus type, is a generalized Andr\'e plane.