English

A simple inductive proof of Levy-Steinitz theorem

Functional Analysis 2017-11-15 v1 General Topology

Abstract

We present a relatively simple inductive proof of the classical Levy-Steinitz Theorem saying that for a sequence (xn)n=1(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty in a finite-dimensional Banach space XX the set of all sums of rearranged series n=1xσ(n)\sum_{n=1}^\infty x_{\sigma(n)} is an affine subspace of XX. This affine subspace is not empty if and only if for any linear functional f:XRf:X\to \mathbb R the series n=1f(xσ(n))\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(x_{\sigma(n)}) is convergent for some permutation σ\sigma of N\mathbb N. This gives an answer to a problem of Vaja Tarieladze, posed in Lviv Scottish Book in September, 2017. Also we construct a sequence (xn)n=1(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty in the torus T×T\mathbb T\times\mathbb T such that the series n=1xσ(n)\sum_{n=1}^\infty x_{\sigma(n)} is divergent for all permutations σ\sigma of N\mathbb N but for any continuous homomorphism f:T2Tf:\mathbb T^2\to\mathbb T to the circle group T:=R/Z\mathbb T:=\mathbb R/\mathbb Z the series n=1f(xσf(n))\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(x_{\sigma_f(n)}) is convergent for some permutation σf\sigma_f of N\mathbb N. This example shows that the second part of Levy-Steinitz Theorem (characterizing sequences with non-empty set of potential sums) does not extend to locally compact Abelian groups.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1711.04136,
  title  = {A simple inductive proof of Levy-Steinitz theorem},
  author = {Taras Banakh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.04136},
  year   = {2017}
}

Comments

5 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-22T22:42:58.094Z