A short characterization of the Octonions

In this paper we prove that if $R$ is a proper alternative ring whose additive group has no $3$-torsion and whose non-zero commutators are not zero-divisors, then $R$ has no zero-divisors. It follows from a theorem of Bruck and Kleinfeld that if, in addition, the characteristic of $R$ is not $2,$ then the central quotient of $R$ is an octonion division algebra over some field. We include other characterizations of octonion division algebras and we also deal with the case where $(R,+)$ has $3$-torsion.