A Search for Millimeter-Bright Blazars as Astrophysical Neutrino Sources
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
2025-07-08 v1 Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract
The powerful jets of blazars have been historically considered as likely sites of high-energy cosmic-ray acceleration. However, particulars of the launched jet and the locations of leptonic and hadronic jet loading remain unclear. In the case when leptonic and hadronic particle injection occur jointly, a temporal correlation between synchrotron radiation and neutrino production is expected. We use a first catalog of millimeter (mm) wavelength blazar light curves from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope for a time-dependent correlation with twelve years of muon neutrino events from the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory. Such mm emission is known to trace activity of the bright jet base, which is often self-absorbed at lower frequencies and potentially gamma-ray opaque. We perform an analysis of the population, as well as analyses of individual, selected sources. We do not observe a significant signal from the stacked population. TXS 0506+056 is found as the most significant, individual source, though this detection is not globally significant in our analysis of selected AGN. Our results suggest that the majority of mm-bright blazars are neutrino dim. In general, it is possible that many blazars have lighter, leptonic jets, or that only selected blazars provide exceptional conditions for neutrino production.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2507.03989,
title = {A Search for Millimeter-Bright Blazars as Astrophysical Neutrino Sources},
author = {R. Abbasi and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and S. K. Agarwalla and J. A. Aguilar and M. Ahlers and J. M. Alameddine and N. M. Amin and K. Andeen and C. Argüelles and Y. Ashida and S. Athanasiadou and S. N. Axani and R. Babu and X. Bai and J. Baines-Holmes and A. Balagopal V. and S. W. Barwick and S. Bash and V. Basu and R. Bay and J. J. Beatty and J. Becker Tjus and P. Behrens and J. Beise and C. Bellenghi and B. Benkel and S. BenZvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and D. Z. Besson and E. Blaufuss and L. Bloom and S. Blot and I. Bodo and F. Bontempo and J. Y. Book Motzkin and C. Boscolo Meneguolo and S. Böser and O. Botner and J. Böttcher and J. Braun and B. Brinson and Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis and R. T. Burley and D. Butterfield and M. A. Campana and K. Carloni and J. Carpio and S. Chattopadhyay and N. Chau and Z. Chen and D. Chirkin and S. Choi and B. A. Clark and A. Coleman and P. Coleman and G. H. Collin and A. Connolly and J. M. Conrad and R. Corley and D. F. Cowen and C. De Clercq and J. J. DeLaunay and D. Delgado and T. Delmeulle and S. Deng and P. Desiati and K. D. de Vries and G. de Wasseige and T. DeYoung and J. C. Díaz-Vélez and S. DiKerby and M. Dittmer and A. Domi and L. Draper and L. Dueser and D. Durnford and K. Dutta and M. A. DuVernois and T. Ehrhardt and L. Eidenschink and A. Eimer and P. Eller and E. Ellinger and D. Elsässer and R. Engel and H. Erpenbeck and W. Esmail and S. Eulig and J. Evans and P. A. Evenson and K. L. Fan and K. Fang and K. Farrag and A. R. Fazely and A. Fedynitch and N. Feigl and C. Finley and L. Fischer and D. Fox and A. Franckowiak and S. Fukami and P. Fürst and J. Gallagher and E. Ganster and A. Garcia and M. Garcia and G. Garg and E. Genton and L. Gerhardt and A. Ghadimi and C. Glaser and T. Glüsenkamp and J. G. Gonzalez and S. Goswami and A. Granados and D. Grant and S. J. Gray and S. Griffin and S. Griswold and K. M. Groth and D. Guevel and C. Günther and P. Gutjahr and C. Ha and C. Haack and A. Hallgren and L. Halve and F. Halzen and L. Hamacher and M. Ha Minh and M. Handt and K. Hanson and J. Hardin and A. A. Harnisch and P. Hatch and A. Haungs and J. Häußler and K. Helbing and J. Hellrung and L. Hennig and L. Heuermann and R. Hewett and N. Heyer and S. Hickford and A. Hidvegi and C. Hill and G. C. Hill and R. Hmaid and K. D. Hoffman and D. Hooper and S. Hori and K. Hoshina and M. Hostert and W. Hou and T. Huber and K. Hultqvist and K. Hymon and A. Ishihara and W. Iwakiri and M. Jacquart and S. Jain and O. Janik and M. Jeong and M. Jin and N. Kamp and D. Kang and X. Kang and A. Kappes and L. Kardum and T. Karg and M. Karl and A. Karle and A. Katil and M. Kauer and J. L. Kelley and M. Khanal and A. Khatee Zathul and A. Kheirandish and H. Kimku and J. Kiryluk and C. Klein and S. R. Klein and Y. Kobayashi and A. Kochocki and R. Koirala and H. Kolanoski and T. Kontrimas and L. Köpke and C. Kopper and D. J. Koskinen and P. Koundal and M. Kowalski and T. Kozynets and N. Krieger and J. Krishnamoorthi and T. Krishnan and K. Kruiswijk and E. Krupczak and A. Kumar and E. Kun and N. Kurahashi and N. Lad and C. Lagunas Gualda and L. Lallement Arnaud and M. Lamoureux and M. J. Larson and F. Lauber and J. P. Lazar and K. Leonard DeHolton and A. Leszczyńska and J. Liao and Y. T. Liu and M. Liubarska and C. Love and L. Lu and F. Lucarelli and W. Luszczak and Y. Lyu and J. Madsen and E. Magnus and K. B. M. Mahn and Y. Makino and E. Manao and S. Mancina and A. Mand and I. C. Mariş and S. Marka and Z. Marka and L. Marten and I. Martinez-Soler and R. Maruyama and F. Mayhew and F. McNally and J. V. Mead and K. Meagher and S. Mechbal and A. Medina and M. Meier and Y. Merckx and L. Merten and J. Mitchell and L. Molchany and T. Montaruli and R. W. Moore and Y. Morii and A. Mosbrugger and M. Moulai and D. Mousadi and T. Mukherjee and R. Naab and M. Nakos and U. Naumann and J. Necker and L. Neste and M. Neumann and H. Niederhausen and M. U. Nisa and K. Noda and A. Noell and A. Novikov and A. Obertacke Pollmann and V. O'Dell and A. Olivas and R. Orsoe and J. Osborn and E. O'Sullivan and V. Palusova and H. Pandya and A. Parenti and N. Park and V. Parrish and E. N. Paudel and L. Paul and C. Pérez de los Heros and T. Pernice and J. Peterson and M. Plum and A. Pontén and V. Poojyam and Y. Popovych and M. Prado Rodriguez and B. Pries and R. Procter-Murphy and G. T. Przybylski and L. Pyras and C. Raab and J. Rack-Helleis and N. Rad and M. Ravn and K. Rawlins and Z. Rechav and A. Rehman and I. Reistroffer and E. Resconi and S. Reusch and C. D. Rho and W. Rhode and B. Riedel and A. Rifaie and E. J. Roberts and S. Robertson and M. Rongen and A. Rosted and C. Rott and T. Ruhe and L. Ruohan and J. Saffer and D. Salazar-Gallegos and P. Sampathkumar and A. Sandrock and G. Sanger-Johnson and M. Santander and S. Sarkar and J. Savelberg and P. Schaile and M. Schaufel and H. Schieler and S. Schindler and L. Schlickmann and B. Schlüter and F. Schlüter and N. Schmeisser and T. Schmidt and F. G. Schröder and L. Schumacher and S. Schwirn and S. Sclafani and D. Seckel and L. Seen and M. Seikh and S. Seunarine and P. A. Sevle Myhr and R. Shah and S. Shefali and N. Shimizu and B. Skrzypek and R. Snihur and J. Soedingrekso and A. Søgaard and D. Soldin and P. Soldin and G. Sommani and C. Spannfellner and G. M. Spiczak and C. Spiering and J. Stachurska and M. Stamatikos and T. Stanev and T. Stezelberger and T. Stürwald and T. Stuttard and G. W. Sullivan and I. Taboada and S. Ter-Antonyan and A. Terliuk and A. Thakuri and M. Thiesmeyer and W. G. Thompson and J. Thwaites and S. Tilav and K. Tollefson and S. Toscano and D. Tosi and A. Trettin and A. K. Upadhyay and K. Upshaw and A. Vaidyanathan and N. Valtonen-Mattila and J. Valverde and J. Vandenbroucke and T. Van Eeden and N. van Eijndhoven and L. Van Rootselaar and J. van Santen and J. Vara and F. Varsi and M. Venugopal and M. Vereecken and S. Vergara Carrasco and S. Verpoest and D. Veske and A. Vijai and J. Villarreal and C. Walck and A. Wang and E. Warrick and C. Weaver and P. Weigel and A. Weindl and J. Weldert and A. Y. Wen and C. Wendt and J. Werthebach and M. Weyrauch and N. Whitehorn and C. H. Wiebusch and D. R. Williams and L. Witthaus and M. Wolf and G. Wrede and X. W. Xu and J. P. Yañez and Y. Yao and E. Yildizci and S. Yoshida and R. Young and F. Yu and S. Yu and T. Yuan and A. Zegarelli and S. Zhang and Z. Zhang and P. Zhelnin and P. Zilberman and A. D. Hincks and X. Ma and C. Vargas and C. Hervías-Caimapo and E. S. Battistelli and K. Huffenberger and S. Naess and J. Orlowski-Scherer and B. Partridge and Cristóbal Sifón and E. J. Wollack},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.03989},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
24 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to ApJ