English

A Rigid Category of DNA Secondary Structures

Category Theory 2026-05-14 v1 Emerging Technologies

Abstract

We construct a strict pivotal monoidal category DDNA\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{DNA}} whose objects are DNA sequences (words over {A,C,G,T}\{A,C,G,T\}) and whose morphisms are isotopy classes of typed noncrossing planar matchings, composed of through-strands and Watson-Crick-typed arcs, in a rectangle with source and target boundaries. The dual of a sequence is its reverse complement, evaluation and coevaluation are canonical duplex pairings, and the snake identities hold by planar isotopy. A bending correspondence identifies each morphism xyx \to y with a secondary structure on the combined word xyx{}^{\vee} y; in particular, the generalized elements εw\varepsilon \to w are exactly the non-pseudoknotted secondary structures on ww. Composition, viewed in this straightened picture, is computed by a zip-and-transfer operation on complementary interfaces, a combinatorial rearrangement of base-pair connectivity of which toehold-mediated strand displacement is a kinetically specific instance. Because DDNA\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{DNA}} is rigid monoidal, it shares the categorical backbone of pregroup grammars and the DisCoCat framework for compositional semantics: a strong monoidal functor from a grammatical category to DDNA\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{DNA}} maps grammatical reductions to Watson-Crick base pairing and sentence meanings to secondary structures. We describe this functor and discuss connections to algorithmic self-assembly, composable strand-displacement circuits, and constructive dynamical systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.12740,
  title  = {A Rigid Category of DNA Secondary Structures},
  author = {Andrés Ortiz-Muñoz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.12740},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

12 pages, multiple figures (TikZ); submitted to Applied Category Theory 2026