A proof of the Khavinson conjecture

\begin{abstract} This paper deals with an extremal problem for bounded harmonic functions in the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n.$ We solve the Khavinson conjecture in $\mathbb{R}^3,$ an intriguing open question since 1992 posed by D. Khavinson, later considered in a general context by Kresin and Maz'ya. Precisely, we obtain the following inequality: $$|\nabla u(x)|\leq \frac{1}{\rho^2}\bigg({\frac{(1+\frac{1}{3}\rho^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{1-\rho^2}-1}\bigg) \sup_{|y|<1} |u(y)|,$$ with $\rho=|x|,$ thus sharpening the previously known with $|\langle \nabla u(x),n_{x} \rangle |$ instead of $|\nabla u(x)|,$ where $n_{x}=\frac{x}{|x|}.$ \end{abstract}