We present the first 1Mpixel SPAD camera ever reported. The camera features 3.8ns time gating and 24kfps frame rate; it was fabricated in 180nm CIS technology. Two pixels have been designed with a pitch of 9.4μm in 7T and 5.75T configurations, respectively, achieving a maximum fill factor of 13.4%. The maximum PDP is 27%, median DCR 2.0cps, variation in gating length 120ps, position skew 410ps, and rise/fall time <550ps, all FWHM at 3.3V of excess bias. The sensor was used to capture 2D/3D scenes over 2m with an LSB of 5.4mm and a precision better than 7.8mm. Extended dynamic range is demonstrated in dual exposure operation mode. Spatially overlapped multi-object detection is experimentally demonstrated in single-photon time-gated ToF for the first time.
@article{arxiv.1912.12910,
title = {A megapixel time-gated SPAD image sensor for 2D and 3D imaging applications},
author = {Kazuhiro Morimoto and Andrei Ardelean and Ming-Lo Wu and Arin Can Ulku and Ivan Michel Antolovic and Claudio Bruschini and Edoardo Charbon},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.12910},
year = {2020}
}