Water adopts many different crystal structures in its solid form. These provide insight into potential structures of water even in its liquid phase, and they can be used to calibrate pair potentials used for simulation of water. In crowded biological environments, water may behave more like ice than bulk water. The different ice structures have different dielectric properties. This brief primer is intended to facilitate further research.
@article{arxiv.2512.22194,
title = {A Mathematical Primer on Water Ice},
author = {L. Ridgway Scott},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.22194},
year = {2025}
}