A Low-energy Threshold and Multi-messenger Trigger System for the JUNO Experiment
High Energy Physics - Experiment
2026-07-15 v1
Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20-kiloton liquid scintillator neutrino detector, located 650 meters (1800 m.w.e.) underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China. JUNO is primarily designed for reactor neutrino measurements and has been taking data since 2025. With the largest mass of its kind and an excellent energy resolution, JUNO is a leading observatory for high-precision measurements of MeV neutrinos. The standard global trigger system serves as the primary trigger for JUNO. We present a newly developed multi-messenger trigger system that extends the capabilities of the global trigger by providing a lower energy threshold and an independent monitoring capability. During the 2025 operation, it achieved an effective energy threshold of approximately 110 +/- 10 keV, providing a lower threshold configuration suitable for low-energy event analysis. The system shows the potential to further reduce the threshold to well below 100 keV. Based on the multi-messenger trigger system, an astrophysical monitor has been developed to receive and process external alerts from other messengers, such as gravitational-wave observations. A Transient Neutrino Burst Monitor is integrated to detect short-time-scale neutrino burst events and enables real-time monitoring of transient astrophysical phenomena. The system is sensitive to neutrino bursts from core-collapse supernovae within a distance of about 250 kpc.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2607.13427,
title = {A Low-energy Threshold and Multi-messenger Trigger System for the JUNO Experiment},
author = {Thomas Adam and Fengpeng An and Costas Andreopoulos and Giuseppe Andronico and Nikolay Anfimov and Vito Antonelli and Tatiana Antoshkina and João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André and Didier Auguste and Nikita Balashov and Andrea Barresi and Davide Basilico and Eric Baussan and Marco Beretta and Antonio Bergnoli and Nikita Bessonov and Daniel Bick and Lukas Bieger and Svetlana Biktemerova and Thilo Birkenfeld and Simon Blyth and Manuel Boehles and Anastasia Bolshakova and Mathieu Bongrand and Matteo Borghesi and Dominique Breton and Augusto Brigatti and Riccardo Brugnera and Riccardo Bruno and Antonio Budano and Jose Busto and Marcel Büchner and Anatael Cabrera and Barbara Caccianiga and Hao Cai and Xiao Cai and Yi-zhou Cai and Stéphane Callier and Antonio Cammi and Guofu Cao and Jun Cao and Yaoqi Cao and Rossella Caruso and Cédric Cerna and Vanessa Cerrone and Jinfan Chang and Yun Chang and Tim Charisse and Chao Chen and Haotian Chen and Jiahui Chen and Jian Chen and Jing Chen and Junyou Chen and Pingping Chen and Shaomin Chen and Shiqiang Chen and Yixue Chen and Yu Chen and Ze Chen and Zhangming Chen and Zhiyuan Chen and Zhongchang Chen and Jie Cheng and Yaping Cheng and Yu Chin Cheng and Alexander Chepurnov and Alexey Chetverikov and Davide Chiesa and Ziliang Chu and Artem Chukanov and Gérard Claverie and Catia Clementi and Barbara Clerbaux and Claudio Coletta and Marta Colomer Molla and Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo and Chenyang Cui and Lorenzo Vincenzo D'Auria and Christophe De La Taille and Luis Delgadillo Franco and Ziyan Deng and Xiaoyu Ding and Xuefeng Ding and Yayun Ding and Sergey Dmitrievsky and Dmitry Dolzhikov and Chuanshi Dong and Haojie Dong and Jianmeng Dong and Marcos Dracos and Frédéric Druillole and Ran Du and Katherine Dugas and Stefano Dusini and Hongyue Duyang and Jessica Eck and Andrea Fabbri and Ulrike Fahrendholz and Gaofeng Fan and Lei Fan and Liangqianjin Fan and Jian Fang and Wenxing Fang and Dmitry Fedoseev and Qichun Feng and Shaoting Feng and Giovanni Ferrante and Daniela Fetzer and Marcellin Fotzé and Amélie Fournier and Aaron Freegard and Ying Fu and Feng Gao and Alberto Garfagnini and Arsenii Gavrikov and Diwash Ghimire and Marco Giammarchi and Nunzio Giudice and Maxim Gonchar and Guanda Gong and Guanghua Gong and Yuri Gornushkin and Marco Grassi and Maxim Gromov and Vasily Gromov and Minhao Gu and Xiaofei Gu and Yu Gu and Mengyun Guan and Yuduo Guan and Nunzio Guardone and Rosa Maria Guizzetti and Cong Guo and Wanlei Guo and Caren Hagner and Hechong Han and Yang Han and Chuanhui Hao and Miao He and Wei He and Xinhai He and Ziou He and Patrick Hellmuth and Yuekun Heng and YuenKeung Hor and Shaojing Hou and Fatima Houria and Yee Hsiung and Bei-Zhen Hu and Jun Hu and Tao Hu and Guihong Huang and Jinhao Huang and Junlin Huang and Junting Huang and Kaixuan Huang and Lian-Chen Huang and Shengheng Huang and Tao Huang and Xin Huang and Xingtao Huang and Yongbo Huang and Jiaqi Hui and Cédric Huss and Ammad Ul Islam and Adrienne Jacobi and Arshak Jafar and Xiangpan Ji and Xiaolu Ji and Junji Jia and Cailian Jiang and Chengbo Jiang and Guangzheng Jiang and Junjie Jiang and Xiaoshan Jiang and Xiaozhao Jiang and Yijian Jiang and Yixuan Jiang and Xiaoping Jing and Cécile Jollet and Liam Jones and Amina Khatun and Khanchai Khosonthongkee and Denis Korablev and Alexey Krasnoperov and Sindhujha Kumaran and Chun-Hao Kuo and Nikolay Kutovskiy and Loïc Labit and Tobias Lachenmaier and Haojing Lai and Cecilia Landini and Lorenzo Lastrucci and Sébastien Leblanc and Matthieu Lecocq and Ruiting Lei and Rupert Leitner and Petr Lenskii and Demin Li and Fei Li and Gaosong Li and Jiajun Li and Meiou Li and Min Li and Nan Li and Ruhui Li and Rui Li and Shanfeng Li and Shuo Li and Teng Li and Weidong Li and Xiaonan Li and Yichen Li and Yifan Li and Yingke Li and Yufeng Li and Zhaohan Li and Zhibing Li and An-An Liang and Jiajun Liao and Minghua Liao and Yilin Liao and Ayut Limphirat and Bo-Chun Lin and Guey-Lin Lin and Shengxin Lin and Tao Lin and Xingyi Lin and Jiajie Ling and Xin Ling and Ivano Lippi and Caimei Liu and Fang Liu and Haidong Liu and Hongbang Liu and Hongjuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Jiaxi Liu and Jinchang Liu and Kainan Liu and Min Liu and Qian Liu and Shenghui Liu and Shulin Liu and Ximing Liu and Xuewei Liu and Yankai Liu and Yiqi Liu and Zhipeng Liu and Zhuo Liu and Lorenzo Loi and Paolo Lombardi and Kai Loo and Haoqi Lu and Junguang Lu and Meishu Lu and Shuxiang Lu and Xianguo Lu and Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev and Sultim Lubsandorzhiev and Livia Ludhova and Arslan Lukanov and Fengjiao Luo and Guang Luo and Jianyi Luo and Shu Luo and Wuming Luo and Xiaojie Luo and Bangzheng Ma and Bing Ma and Qiumei Ma and Si Ma and Wing Yan Ma and Xiaoyan Ma and Xubo Ma and Jihane Maalmi and Jingyu Mai and Marco Malabarba and Yury Malyshkin and Roberto Carlos Mandujano and Fabio Mantovani and Stefano M. Mari and Agnese Martini and Johann Martyn and Matthias Mayer and Yue Meng and Anselmo Meregaglia and Lino Miramonti and Michele Montuschi and Cristobal Morales Reveco and Iwan Morton-Blake and Xiangyi Mu and Lakshmi Murgod and Massimiliano Nastasi and Dmitry V. Naumov and Elena Naumova and Igor Nemchenok and Elisabeth Neuerburg and Feipeng Ning and Zhe Ning and Yujie Niu and Lothar Oberauer and Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux and Alexander Olshevskiy and Domizia Orestano and Fausto Ortica and Rainer Othegraven and Yifei Pan and Alessandro Paoloni and George Parker and Yatian Pei and Luca Pelicci and Anguo Peng and Yu Peng and Zhaoyuan Peng and Elisa Percalli and Willy Perrin and Frédéric Perrot and Fabrizio Petrucci and Oliver Pilarczyk and Pascal Poussot and Ezio Previtali and Fazhi Qi and Ming Qi and Sen Qian and Xiaohui Qian and Zhonghua Qin and Shoukang Qiu and Zhenning Qu and Gioacchino Ranucci and Thomas Raymond and Alessandra Re and Abdel Rebii and Bin Ren and Yuhan Ren and Barbara Ricci and Mariam Rifai and Mathieu Roche and Narongkiat Rodphai and Aldo Romani and Bedřich Roskovec and Félix Rosso and Peter Rudakov and Arseniy Rybnikov and Andrey Sadovsky and Ujwal Santhosh and Utane Sawangwit and Michaela Schever and Cédric Schwab and Konstantin Schweizer and Alexandr Selyunin and Andrea Serafini and Mariangela Settimo and Junyu Shao and Anurag Sharma and Vladislav Sharov and Hangyu Shi and Hexi Shi and Jingyan Shi and Yuan Shi and Dmitrii Shpotya and Yike Shu and Yuhan Shu and She Shuai and Vitaly Shutov and Randhir Singh and Apeksha Singhal and Chiara Sirignano and Jaruchit Siripak and Monica Sisti and Mikhail Smirnov and Oleg Smirnov and Sergey Sokolov and Julanan Songwadhana and Albert Sotnikov and Achim Stahl and Luca Stanco and Elia Stanescu Farilla and Hans Steiger and Jochen Steinmann and Tobias Sterr and Matthias Raphael Stock and Virginia Strati and Mikhail Strizh and Jun Su and Guangbao Sun and Mingxia Sun and Xilei Sun and Yongzhao Sun and Zhengyang Sun and Narumon Suwonjandee and Fedor Šimkovic and Akira Takenaka and Xiaohan Tan and Haozhong Tang and Jian Tang and Jingzhe Tang and Quan Tang and Xiao Tang and Vidhya Thara Hariharan and Yuxin Tian and Igor Tkachev and Tomas Tmej and Marco Danilo Claudio Torri and Andrea Triossi and Wladyslaw Trzaska and Andrei Tsaregorodtsev and Yu-Chen Tung and Cristina Tuve and Carlo Venettacci and Giuseppe Verde and Benoit Viaud and Vit Vorobel and Lucia Votano and Jiawei Wan and Caishen Wang and Chung-Hsiang Wang and En Wang and Hanwen Wang and Jiabin Wang and Jun Wang and Ke Wang and Meng Wang and Meng Wang and Mingyuan Wang and Ruiguang Wang and Sibo Wang and Tianhong Wang and Wei Wang and Wenshuai Wang and Wenyuan Wang and Xi Wang and Yangfu Wang and Yaoguang Wang and Yi Wang and Yifang Wang and Yuyi Wang and Zhe Wang and Zheng Wang and Zhimin Wang and Apimook Watcharangkool and Junya Wei and Jushang Wei and Wei Wei and Wei Wei and Yuehuan Wei and Zhengbao Wei and Liangjian Wen and Jun Weng and Rosmarie Wirth and Bi Wu and Chengxin Wu and Qun Wu and Wenjie Wu and Yinhui Wu and Zhaoxiang Wu and Zhi Wu and Michael Wurm and Jacques Wurtz and Dongmei Xia and Shishen Xian and Ziqian Xiang and Fei Xiao and Pengfei Xiao and Tianying Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Wei-Jun Xie and Yuguang Xie and Zhizhong Xing and Benda Xu and Cheng Xu and Chuang Xu and Donglian Xu and Fanrong Xu and Jiayang Xu and Jilei Xu and Jinghuan Xu and Meihang Xu and Shiwen Xu and Xunjie Xu and Dongyang Xue and Jingqin Xue and Baojun Yan and Qiyu Yan and Taylor Yan and Xiongbo Yan and Changgen Yang and Chengfeng Yang and Dikun Yang and Fengfan Yang and Jie Yang and Kaiwei Yang and Lei Yang and Pengfei Yang and Xiaoyu Yang and Xuhui Yang and Yifan Yang and Zekun Yang and Haifeng Yao and Jiaxuan Ye and Mei Ye and Ziping Ye and Frédéric Yermia and Jilong Yin and Weiqing Yin and Xiaohao Yin and Zhengyun You and Boxiang Yu and Chiye Yu and Chunxu Yu and Hongzhao Yu and Peidong Yu and Simi Yu and Zeyuan Yu and Cenxi Yuan and Chengzhuo Yuan and Noman Zafar and Vitalii Zavadskyi and Fanrui Zeng and Shan Zeng and Tingxuan Zeng and Liang Zhan and Bin Zhang and Feiyang Zhang and Han Zhang and Hangchang Zhang and Haosen Zhang and Honghao Zhang and Jiawen Zhang and Jie Zhang and Jingbo Zhang and Junwei Zhang and Lei Zhang and Ping Zhang and Qingmin Zhang and Rongping Zhang and Shiqi Zhang and Shuihan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Xiaomei Zhang and Xu Zhang and Xuantong Zhang and Yibing Zhang and Yinhong Zhang and Yiyu Zhang and Yongpeng Zhang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Yue Zhang and Yumei Zhang and Zhenyu Zhang and Zhicheng Zhang and Zhijian Zhang and Jie Zhao and Runze Zhao and Yangheng Zheng and Li Zhou and Lishui Zhou and Shun Zhou and Xiang Zhou and Xing Zhou and Jingsen Zhu and Kangfu Zhu and Kejun Zhu and Bo Zhuang and Honglin Zhuang and Ivan Zhutikov and Jiaheng Zou},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.13427},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
29 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables