English

A Keplerian disk with a four-arm spiral birthing an episodically accreting high-mass protostar

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2023-05-18 v1 Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

High-mass protostars (M>_{\star} > 8 M_{\odot}) are thought to gain the majority of their mass via short, intense bursts of growth. This episodic accretion is thought to be facilitated by gravitationally unstable and subsequently inhomogeneous accretion disks. Limitations of observational capabilities, paired with a lack of observed accretion burst events has withheld affirmative confirmation of the association between disk accretion, instability and the accretion burst phenomenon in high-mass protostars. Following its 2019 accretion burst, a heat-wave driven by a burst of radiation propagated outward from the high-mass protostar G358.93-0.03-MM1. Six VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) observations of the raditively pumped 6.7 GHz methanol maser were conducted during this period, tracing ever increasing disk radii as the heat-wave propagated outward. Concatenating the VLBI maps provided a sparsely sampled, milliarcsecond view of the spatio-kinematics of the accretion disk covering a physical range of \sim 50 - 900 AU. We term this observational approach `heat-wave mapping'. We report the discovery of a Keplerian accretion disk with a spatially resolved four-arm spiral pattern around G358.93-0.03-MM1. This result positively implicates disk accretion and spiral arm instabilities into the episodic accretion high-mass star formation paradigm.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2304.14740,
  title  = {A Keplerian disk with a four-arm spiral birthing an episodically accreting high-mass protostar},
  author = {R. A. Burns and Y. Uno and N. Sakai and J. Blanchard and Z. Rosli and G. Orosz and Y. Yonekura and Y. Tanabe and K. Sugiyama and T. Hirota and Kee-Tae Kim and A. Aberfelds and A. E. Volvach and A. Bartkiewicz and A. Caratti o Garatti and A. M. Sobolev and B. Stecklum and C. Brogan and C. Phillips and D. A. Ladeyschikov and D. Johnstone and G. Surcis and G. C. MacLeod and H. Linz and J. O. Chibueze and J. Brand and J. Eislöffel and L. Hyland and L. Uscanga and M. Olech and M. Durjasz and O. Bayandina and S. Breen and S. P. Ellingsen and S. P. van den Heever and T. R. Hunter and X. Chen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.14740},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

Published in Nature Astronomy in 2023