A Graph-Theoretic Approach to Ring Analysis: Dominant Metric Dimensions in Zero-Divisor Graphs

This article investigates the concept of dominant metric dimensions in zero divisor graphs (ZD-graphs) associated with rings. Consider a finite commutative ring with unity, denoted as R, where nonzero elements x and y are identified as zero divisors if their product results in zero (x.y=0). The set of zero divisors in ring R is referred to as L(R). To analyze various algebraic properties of R, a graph known as the zero-divisor graph is constructed using L(R). This manuscript establishes specific general bounds for the dominant metric dimension (Ddim) concerning the ZD-graph of R. To achieve this objective, we examine the zero divisor graphs for specific rings, such as the ring of Gaussian integers modulo m, denoted as Zm[i], the ring of integers modulo n, denoted as Zn, and some quotient polynomial rings. Additionally, we present a general result outlining bounds for the dominant metric dimension expressed in terms of the maximum degree, girth, clique number, and diameter of the associated ZD-graphs. Finally, we provide insights into commutative rings that share identical metric dimensions and dominant metric dimensions. This exploration contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural characteristics of ZD-graphs and their implications for the algebraic properties of commutative rings.