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A Fluctuation-Dissipation Structure of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups Reveals a Unique Internal Hamiltonian

Quantum Physics 2025-12-02 v1

Abstract

We refine a fluctuation-dissipation framework for quantum dynamical semigroups to resolve a long-standing ambiguity in Markovian master equations. For finite-dimensional systems, we prove that the underlying diffusion-dissipation structure - rooted in a classical Markov process analogy - is invariant under Lindblad generator symmetries. This invariance uniquely identifies the internal Hamiltonian. Our framework provides a universal principle for objectively distinguishing coherent from incoherent parts of the dynamics, enabling an unambiguous determination of a system's inherent energy structure.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.01840,
  title  = {A Fluctuation-Dissipation Structure of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups Reveals a Unique Internal Hamiltonian},
  author = {Fabricio Toscano and Sergey Sergeev},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.01840},
  year   = {2025}
}