English

A computer-friendly construction of the monster

Group Theory 2025-06-04 v5

Abstract

Let M\mathbb{M} be the monster group which is the largest sporadic finite simple group, and has first been constructed in 1982 by Griess. In 1985, Conway has constructed a 196884-dimensional representation ρ\rho of M\mathbb{M} with matrix coefficients in Z[12]\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{2}]. So these matrices may be reduced modulo any (not necessarily prime) odd number pp, leading to representations of M\mathbb{M} in odd characteristic. The representation ρ\rho is based on representations of two maximal subgroups Gx0G_{x0} and N0N_0 of M\mathbb{M}. In ATLAS notation, Gx0G_{x0} has structure 2+1+24.\mboxCo12_+^{1+24}.\mbox{Co}_1 and N0N_0 has structure 22+11+22.(M24×S3)2^{2+11+22}.( M_{24} \times S_3). Conway has constructed an explicit set of generators of N0N_0, but not of Gx0G_{x0}. This paper is essentially a rewrite of Conway's construction augmented by an explicit construction of an element of Gx0N0G_{x0} \setminus N_0. This gives us a complete set of generators of M\mathbb{M}. It turns out that the matrices of all generators of M\mathbb{M} consist of monomial blocks, and of blocks which are essentially Hadamard matrices scaled by a negative power of two. Multiplication with such a generator can be programmed very efficiently if the modulus pp is of shape 2k12^k-1. So this paper may be considered a as programmer's reference for Conway's construction of the monster group M\mathbb{M}. We have implemented representations of M\mathbb{M} modulo 3, 7, 15, 31, 127, and 255.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.10921,
  title  = {A computer-friendly construction of the monster},
  author = {Martin Seysen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.10921},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

43 pages. Construction of Griess algebra added

R2 v1 2026-06-23T13:53:13.695Z