English

A composite massless vector boson

High Energy Physics - Lattice 2020-06-22 v2 High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

In a non-perturbative gauge-invariant formulation of grand-unified theories all low energy vector states need to be composite with respect to the high-scale gauge group, including the photon. We investigate this by using lattice methods to spectroscopically analyze the vector channel in a toy grand-unified theory, an SU(2) adjoint Higgs model. Our results support indeed the existence of a massless composite vector particle.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.08221,
  title  = {A composite massless vector boson},
  author = {Vincenzo Afferrante and Axel Maas and Pascal Törek},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08221},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

19 pages, 9 figures, v2: minor modifications, one figure added in the appendix

R2 v1 2026-06-23T13:46:53.937Z