English

A Classical-Quantum Hybrid Architecture for Physics-Informed Neural Networks

Quantum Physics 2025-11-11 v1

Abstract

In this work, we introduce the Quantum-Classical Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Network with Multiplicative and Additive Couplings (QPINN-MAC): a novel hybrid architecture that integrates the framework of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) with that of Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs). Specifically, we prove that through strategic couplings between classical and quantum components, the QPINN-MAC retains the universal approximation property, ensuring its theoretical capacity to represent complex solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Simultaneously, we demonstrate that the hybrid QPINN-MAC architecture actively mitigates the barren plateau problem, regions in parameter space where cost-function gradients decay exponentially with circuit depth, a fundamental obstacle in QNNs that hinders optimization during training. Furthermore, we prove that these couplings prevent gradient collapse, ensuring trainability even in high-dimensional regimes. Thus, our results establish a new pathway for constructing quantum-classical hybrid models with theoretical convergence guarantees, which are essential for the practical application of QPINNs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.07216,
  title  = {A Classical-Quantum Hybrid Architecture for Physics-Informed Neural Networks},
  author = {Said Lantigua and Gilson Giraldi and Renato Portugal},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.07216},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

21 pages, 4 figures, includes theoretical proofs of universal approximation and barren plateaus mitigation

R2 v1 2026-07-01T07:30:03.328Z