English

A class of cosmological models with spatially constant sign-changing curvature

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2023-10-09 v3 Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Differential Geometry

Abstract

We construct globally hyperbolic spacetimes such that each slice {t=t0}\{t=t_0\} of the universal time tt is a model space of constant curvature k(t0)k(t_0) which may not only vary with t0Rt_0\in\mathbb{R} but also change its sign. The metric is smooth and slightly different to FLRW spacetimes, namely, g=dt2+dr2+Sk(t)2(r)gSn1g=-dt^2+dr^2+ S_{k(t)}^2(r) g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}, where gSn1g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}} is the metric of the standard sphere, Sk(t)(r)=sin(k(t)r)/k(t)S_{k(t)}(r)=\sin(\sqrt{k(t)}\, r)/\sqrt{k(t)} when k(t)0k(t)\geq 0 and Sk(t)(r)=sinh(k(t)r)/k(t)S_{k(t)}(r)=\sinh(\sqrt{-k(t)}\, r)/\sqrt{-k(t)} when k(t)0k(t)\leq 0. In the open case, the tt-slices are (non-compact) Cauchy hypersurfaces of curvature k(t)0k(t)\leq 0, thus homeomorphic to Rn\mathbb{R}^n; a typical example is k(t)=t2k(t)=-t^2 (i.e., Sk(t)(r)=sinh(tr)/tS_{k(t)}(r)=\sinh(tr)/t). In the closed case, k(t)>0k(t)>0 somewhere, a slight extension of the class shows how the topology of the tt-slices changes. This makes at least one comoving observer to disappear in finite time tt showing some similarities with an inflationary expansion. Anyway, the spacetime is foliated by Cauchy hypersurfaces homeomorphic to spheres, not all of them tt-slices.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2209.11184,
  title  = {A class of cosmological models with spatially constant sign-changing curvature},
  author = {Miguel Sánchez},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.11184},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

Revised version with some improvements, including an Appendix, two new references and the simplification of the end of the proof of Th. 4.9. 20 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Portugaliae Matematica