A Chinese restaurant process for multiset permutations
Abstract
Multisets are like sets, except that they can contain multiple copies of their elements. If there are copies of , , in multiset , then there are possible permutations of . Knuth showed how to factor any multiset permutation into cycles. For fixed , , we show how to adapt the Chinese restaurant process, which generates random permutations on elements with weighting , , sequentially for , to the multiset case, where we fix the and build permutations on sequentially for . The number of cycles of a multiset permutation chosen uniformly at random, i.e.~, has distribution given by the sum of independent negative hypergeometric distributed random variables. For all , and under the assumption that , we show a central limit theorem as for the number of cycles.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.13979,
title = {A Chinese restaurant process for multiset permutations},
author = {Dudley Stark},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.13979},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
13 pages, accepted version